Apricot kernels, the seeds found within the pits of apricots, have been a topic of interest due to their content of amygdalin—a compound also referred to as laetrile or vitamin B17. Proponents claim that amygdalin possesses cancer-fighting properties, asserting that it can selectively target and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy ones. However, extensive scientific research has not only failed to substantiate these claims but has also raised significant safety concerns regarding the consumption of apricot kernels and amygdalin-based products.
Understanding Amygdalin and Its Proposed Mechanism
Amygdalin is a naturally occurring cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of fruits like apricots, bitter almonds, peaches, and plums. When metabolized, amygdalin can release hydrogen cyanide—a potent toxin. The proposed anticancer mechanism suggests that amygdalin breaks down into cyanide, which then purportedly targets and kills cancer cells. However, this theory lacks credible scientific backing, and studies have shown that both cancerous and normal cells contain only trace amounts of the enzyme beta-glucosidase, which is necessary for this reaction. Moreover, normal cells contain similar amounts of the enzyme rhodanese, which detoxifies cyanide, making the selective toxicity towards cancer cells highly implausible.
Scientific Evaluation of Amygdalin’s Efficacy
Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of amygdalin as a cancer treatment. A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that there is no reliable evidence supporting the claim that amygdalin has any beneficial effect on cancer. Furthermore, the review highlighted the risk of serious adverse effects from cyanide poisoning following amygdalin treatment.
In a clinical trial conducted by the Mayo Clinic involving 178 patients, no therapeutic benefits were observed. Instead, several patients exhibited symptoms consistent with cyanide toxicity, including nausea, headaches, and decreased blood pressure. The study concluded that amygdalin is a toxic drug that is not effective as a cancer treatment.
Safety Concerns and Toxicity
The consumption of apricot kernels poses significant health risks due to their cyanide content. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported that consuming more than three small bitter apricot kernels or half of a large one can exceed safe levels of cyanide intake, potentially leading to cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning include nausea, fever, headaches, insomnia, increased thirst, lethargy, nervousness, various aches and pains in joints and muscles, and a drop in blood pressure.
There have been documented cases of cyanide poisoning resulting from the ingestion of apricot kernels. For instance, a case reported in the medical literature described acute cyanide toxicity caused by apricot kernel ingestion, emphasizing the potential dangers associated with their consumption.
Regulatory Stance and Public Health Recommendations
Due to the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy and the potential for severe toxicity, regulatory agencies worldwide have taken measures to protect public health. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved amygdalin or laetrile as a treatment for cancer, citing the absence of proven benefits and the risk of cyanide poisoning.
Similarly, Cancer Research UK advises against the use of laetrile, stating that there is no reliable evidence to support its use as a cancer treatment and highlighting the associated risks of cyanide poisoning.
Conclusion
While the notion of a natural, non-toxic cancer cure is appealing, the scientific evidence does not support the use of apricot kernels or amygdalin (laetrile, vitamin B17) as effective treatments for cancer. On the contrary, their consumption carries a significant risk of cyanide poisoning, which can be fatal. It is crucial for individuals to rely on treatments that have been rigorously tested and proven to be safe and effective. Consulting with qualified healthcare professionals and adhering to evidence-based medical advice remains the best approach for cancer prevention and treatment.
